US Open Tickets ? 6/9 Through 6/22 in Fayetteville, North Carolina For Sale

US Open Tickets
Pinehurst Resort
Pinehurst, North Carolina
6/9 Through 6/22
Use Discount Code: BPDC5 For Additional Savings At Checkout.
View US Open Tickets at Pinehurst Resort
Since human arrival almost half of the country's vertebrate species have become extinct, including at least fifty-one birds, three frogs, three lizards, one freshwater fish, and one bat. Others are endangered or have had their range severely reduced.[163] However, New Zealand conservationists have pioneered several methods to help threatened wildlife recover, including island sanctuaries, pest control, wildlife translocation, fostering, and ecological restoration of islands and other selected areas.[173][174][175][176] According to the xxxx Environmental Performance Index, New Zealand is considered a "strong performer" in environmental protection, ranking 14th out of 132 assessed countries.[177]Other indigenous animals are represented by reptiles (tuataras, skinks and geckos),[165] frogs, spiders (katipo), insects (weta) and snails.[166][167] Some, such as the wrens and tuatara, are so unique that they have been called living fossils. Three species of bats (one since extinct) were the only sign of native land mammals in New Zealand until the xxxx discovery of bones from a unique, mouse-sized land mammal at least 16 million years old.[168][169] Marine mammals however are abundant, with almost half the world's cetaceans (whales, dolphins, and porpoises) and large numbers of fur seals reported in New Zealand waters.[170] Many seabirds breed in New Zealand, a third of them unique to the country.[171] More penguin species are found in New Zealand than in any other country.[172]The forests were dominated by birds, and the lack of mammalian predators led to some like the kiwi, kakapo and takahe evolving flightlessness.[162] The arrival of humans, associated changes to habitat, and the introduction of rats, ferrets and other mammals led to the extinction of many bird species, including large birds like the moa and Haast's Eagle.[163][164]Before the arrival of humans an estimated 80 percent of the land was covered in forest, with only high alpine, wet, infertile and volcanic areas without trees.[159] Massive deforestation occurred after humans arrived, with around half the forest cover lost to fire after Polynesian settlement.[160] Much of the remaining forest fell after European settlement, being logged or cleared to make room for pastoral farming, leaving forest occupying only 23 percent of the land.[161]New Zealand's geographic isolation for 80 million years[152] and island biogeography is responsible for the country's unique species of animals, fungi and plants. They have either evolved from Gondwanan wildlife or the few organisms that have managed to reach the shores flying, swimming or being carried across the sea.[153] About 82 percent of New Zealand's indigenous vascular plants are endemic, covering 1,944 species across 65 genera and includes a single endemic family.[154][155] The number of fungi recorded from New Zealand, including lichen-forming species, is not known, nor is the proportion of those fungi which are endemic, but one estimate suggests there are approximately xxxx species of lichen-forming fungi in New Zealand[154] and 40 percent of these are endemic.[156] The two main types of forest are those dominated by broadleaf trees with emergent podocarps, or by southern beech in cooler climates.[157] The remaining vegetation types consist of grasslands, the majority of which are tussock.[158]New Zealand has a modern, prosperous and developed market economy with an estimated gross domestic product (GDP) at purchasing power parity (PPP) per capita of roughly US$28,250.[n 7] The currency is the New Zealand dollar, informally known as the "Kiwi dollar"; it also circulates in the Cook Islands (see Cook Islands dollar), Niue, Tokelau, and the Pitcairn Islands.[181] New Zealand was ranked sixth in the xxxx Human Development Index,[182] fourth in the The Heritage Foundation's xxxx Index of Economic Freedom,[183] and 13th in INSEAD's xxxx Global Innovation Index.[184]Historically, extractive industries have contributed strongly to New Zealand's economy, focussing at different times on sealing, whaling, flax, gold, kauri gum, and native timber.[186] With the development of refrigerated shipping in the xxxxs meat and dairy products were exported to Britain, a trade which provided the basis for strong economic growth in New Zealand.[187] High demand for agricultural products from the United Kingdom and the United States helped New Zealanders achieve higher living standards than both Australia and Western Europe in the xxxxs and xxxxs.[188] In xxxx New Zealand's export market was reduced when the United Kingdom joined the European Community[189] and other compounding factors, such as the xxxx oil and xxxx energy crisis, led to a severe economic depression.[190] Living standards in New Zealand fell behind those of Australia and Western Europe, and by xxxx New Zealand had the lowest per-capita income of all the developed nations surveyed by the World Bank.[191] Since xxxx, successive governments engaged in major macroeconomic restructuring (known first as Rogernomics and then Ruthanasia), rapidly transforming New Zealand from a highly protectionist economy to a liberalised free-trade economy.[192][193]Unemployment peaked above 10 percent in xxxx and xxxx,[194] following the xxxx share market crash, but eventually fell to a record low of 3.4 percent in xxxx (ranking fifth from twenty-seven comparable OECD nations).[195] However, the global financial crisis that followed had a major impact on New Zealand, with the GDP shrinking for five consecutive quarters, the longest recession in over thirty years,[196][197] and unemployment rising back to 7 percent in late xxxx.[198] As of May xxxx, the general unemployment rate was around 6.7 percent, while the unemployment rate for youth aged 15 to 21 was 13.6 percent.[199] New Zealand has experienced a series of "brain drains" since the xxxxs[200] that still continue today.[201] Nearly one quarter of highly skilled workers live overseas, mostly in Australia and Britain, which is the largest proportion from any developed nation.[202] In recent years, however, a "brain gain" has brought in educated professionals from Europe and lesser developed countries.[203][204]New Zealand is heavily dependent on international trade,[205] particularly in agricultural products.[206] Exports account for a high 24 percent of its output,[135] making New Zealand vulnerable to international commodity prices and global economic slowdowns. Its principal export industries are agriculture, horticulture, fishing, forestry and mining, which make up about half of the country's exports.[207] Its major export partners are Australia, United States, Japan, China, and the United Kingdom.[135] On 7 April xxxx, New Zealand and China signed the New Zealand?China Free Trade Agreement, the first such agreement China has signed with a developed country.[208][209] The service sector is the largest sector in the economy, followed by manufacturing and construction and then farming and raw material extraction.[135] Tourism plays a significant role in New Zealand's economy, contributing $15.0 billion to New Zealand?s total GDP and supporting 9.6 percent of the total workforce in xxxx.[210] International visitors to New Zealand increased by 3.1 percent in the year to October xxxx[211] and are expected to increase at a rate of 2.5 percent annually up to xxxx.[210]Wool was New Zealand?s major agricultural export during the late 19th century.[186] Even as late as the xxxxs it made up over a third of all export revenues,[186] but since then its price has steadily dropped relative to other commodities[212] and wool is no longer profitable for many farmers.[213] In contrast dairy farming increased, with the number of dairy cows doubling between xxxx and xxxx,[214] to become New Zealand's largest export earner.[215] In the year to June xxxx, dairy products accounted for 21 percent ($9.1 billion) of total merchandise exports,[216] and the country's largest company, Fonterra, controls almost one-third of the international dairy trade.[217] Other agricultural exports in xxxx were meat 13.2 percent, wool 6.3 percent, fruit 3.5 percent and fishing 3.3 percent. New Zealand's wine industry has followed a similar trend to dairy, the number of vineyards doubling over the same period,[218] overtaking wool exports for the first time in xxxx.[219][220]In xxxx, oil, gas and coal generated approximately 69 percent of New Zealand's gross energy supply and 31% was generated from renewable energy, primarily hydroelectric power and geothermal power.[221] New Zealand's transport network includes 93,805 kilometres (58,288 mi) of roads, worth 23 billion dollars,[222] and 4,128 kilometres (2,565 mi) of railway lines.[135] Most major cities and towns are linked by bus services, although the private car is the predominant mode of transport.[223] The railways were privatised in xxxx, then re-purchased by the government in xxxx and vested into a state owned enterprise.[224] Railways run the length of the country, although most lines now carry freight rather than passengers.[225] Most international visitors arrive via air[226] and New Zealand has six international airports, although currently only the Auckland and Christchurch airports connect directly with countries other than Australia or Fiji.[227] The New Zealand Post Office had a monopoly over telecommunications until xxxx when Telecom New Zealand was formed, initially as a state-owned enterprise and then privatised in xxxx.[228] Telecom still owns the majority of the telecommunications infrastructure, but competition from other providers has increased.[229] The United Nations International Telecommunication Union ranks New Zealand 12th in the development of information and communications infrastructure, having moved up four places between xxxx and xxxx.[230]The population of New Zealand is approximately 4.5 million.[231] New Zealand is a predominantly urban country, with 72 percent of the population living in 16 main urban areas and 53 percent living in the four largest cities of Auckland, Christchurch, Wellington, and Hamilton.[232] New Zealand cities generally rank highly on international livability measures. For instance, in xxxx Auckland was ranked the world's 4th most liveable city and Wellington the 12th by the Mercer Quality of Life Survey[233]The life expectancy of a New Zealand child born in xxxx was 82.4 years for females, and 78.4 years for males.[234] Life expectancy at birth is forecast to increase from 80 years to 85 years in xxxx and infant mortality is expected to decline.[235] New Zealand's fertility rate of 2.1 is relatively high for a developed country, and natural births account for a significant proportion of population growth. Subsequently, the country has a young population compared to most industrialized nations, with 20 percent of New Zealanders being 14 years-old or younger.[135] By xxxx the population is forecast to reach 5.3 million, the median age to rise from 36 years to 43 years and the percentage of people 60 years of age and older to rise from 18 percent to 29 percent.[235]In the xxxx census, 67.6 percent identified ethnically as European and 14.6 percent as Maori.[236] Other major ethnic groups include Asian (9.2 percent) and Pacific peoples (6.9 percent), while 11.1 percent identified themselves simply as a "New Zealander" (or similar) and 1 percent identified with other ethnicities.[237][n 8] This contrasts with xxxx, when the census reported that the population of New Zealand was 92 percent European and 7 percent Maori, with Asian and Pacific minorities sharing the remaining 1 percent.[239] While the demonym for a New Zealand citizen is New Zealander, the informal "Kiwi" is commonly used both internationally[240] and by locals.[241] The Maori loanword Pakeha has been used to refer to New Zealanders of European descent, although others reject this appellation.[242][243] The word Pakeha today is increasingly used to refer to all non-Polynesian New Zealanders.[244]The Maori were the first people to reach New Zealand, followed by the early European settlers. Following colonisation, immigrants were predominantly from Britain, Ireland and Australia because of restrictive policies similar to the white Australian policies.[245] There was also significant Dutch, Dalmatian,[246] Italian, and German immigration, together with indirect European immigration through Australia, North America, South America and South Africa.[247] Following the Great Depression policies were relaxed and migrant diversity increased. In xxxx?10, an annual target of 45,000?50,000 permanent residence approvals was set by the New Zealand Immigration Service ? more than one new migrant for every 100 New Zealand residents.[248] Twenty-three percent of New Zealand's population were born overseas, most of whom live in the Auckland region.[249] While most have still come from the United Kingdom and Ireland (29 percent), immigration from East Asia (mostly mainland China, but with substantial numbers also from Korea, Taiwan, Japan, and Hong Kong) is rapidly increasing the number of people from those countries.[250] The number of fee-paying international students increased sharply in the late xxxxs, with more than 20,000 studying in public tertiary institutions in xxxx.[251]English is the predominant language in New Zealand, spoken by 98 percent of the population.[3] New Zealand English is similar to Australian English and many speakers from the Northern Hemisphere are unable to tell the accents apart.[252] The most prominent differences between the New Zealand English dialect and other English dialects are the shifts in the short front vowels: the short-"i" sound (as in "kit") has centralised towards the schwa sound (the "a" in "comma" and "about"); the short-"e" sound (as in "dress") has moved towards the short-"i" sound; and the short-"a" sound (as in "trap") has moved to the short-"e" sound.[253] Hence, the New Zealand pronunciation of words such as "bad", "dead", "fish" and "chips" sound like "bed", "did", "fush" and "chups" to non-New Zealanders.After the Second World War, Maori were discouraged from speaking their own language (te reo Maori) in schools and workplaces and it existed as a community language only in a few remote areas.[254] It has recently undergone a process of revitalisation,[255][256] being declared one of New Zealand's official languages in xxxx,[257] and is spoken by 4.1 percent of the population.[3] There are now Maori language immersion schools and two Maori Television channels, the only nationwide television channels to have the majority of their prime-time content delivered in Maori.[258] Many places have officially been given dual Maori and English names in recent years. Samoan is one of the most widely spoken languages in New Zealand (2.3 percent),[n 9] followed by French, Hindi, Yue and Northern Chinese.[3][259][n 10] New Zealand Sign Language is used by approximately 28,000 people and was declared one of New Zealand's official languages in xxxx.[260]Primary and secondary schooling is compulsory for children aged 6 to 16, with the majority attending from the age of 5.[261] There are 13 school years and attending state (public) schools is free to New Zealand citizens and permanent residents from a person's 5th birthday to the end of the calendar year following their 19th birthday.[262] New Zealand has an adult literacy rate of 99 percent,[135] and over half of the population aged 15 to 29 hold a tertiary qualification.[261][n 11] There are five types of government-owned tertiary institutions: universities, colleges of education, polytechnics, specialist colleges, and wananga,[263] in addition to private training establishments.[264] In the adult population 14.2 percent have a bachelor's degree or higher, 30.4 percent have some form of secondary qualification as their highest qualification and 22.4 percent have no formal qualification.[265] The OECD's Programme for International Student Assessment ranks New Zealand's education system as the 7th best in the world, with students performing exceptionally well in reading, mathematics and science.[266]Christianity is the predominant religion in New Zealand, although its society is among the most secular in the world.[267] In the xxxx Census, 55.6 percent of the population identified themselves as Christians, while another 34.7 percent indicated that they had no religion (up from 29.6 percent in xxxx) and around 4 percent affiliated with other religions.[268][n 12] The main Christian denominations are Anglicanism 14.8 percent, Roman Catholicism 13.6 percent, Presbyterianism 10.7 percent and Methodism 5 percent. There are also significant numbers of Christians who identify themselves with Pentecostal, Baptist, and Latter-day Saint churches. According to census figures, other significant minority religions include Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam.[259][269] The indigenous Maori tend to be associated with Presbyterian and Mormonism, but the census showed that the New Zealand-based Ringatu and Ratana religions had experienced considerable growth.[270]Early Maori adapted the tropically based east Polynesian culture in line with the challenges associated with a larger and more diverse environment, eventually developing their own distinctive culture. Social organisation was largely communal with families (whanau), sub-tribes (hapu) and tribes (iwi) ruled by a chief (rangatira) whose position was subject to the community's approval.[272] The British and Irish immigrants brought aspects of their own culture to New Zealand and also influenced Maori culture,[273][274] particularly with the introduction of Christianity.[275] However, Maori still regard their allegiance to tribal groups as a vital part of their identity, and Maori kinship roles resemble those of other Polynesian peoples.[276] More recently American, Australian, Asian and other European cultures have exerted influence on New Zealand. Non-Maori Polynesian cultures are also apparent, with Pasifika, the world's largest Polynesian festival, now an annual event in Auckland.The largely rural life in early New Zealand led to the image of New Zealanders being rugged, industrious problem solvers.[277] Modesty was expected and enforced through the "tall poppy syndrome", where high achievers received harsh criticism.[278] At the time New Zealand was not known as an intellectual country.[279] From the early 20th century until the late xxxxs Maori culture was suppressed by the attempted assimilation of Maori into British New Zealanders.[254] In the xxxxs, as higher education became more available and cities expanded[280] urban culture began to dominate.[281] Even though the majority of the population now lives in cities, much of New Zealand's art, literature, film and humour has rural themes.As part of the resurgence of Maori culture, the traditional crafts of carving and weaving are now more widely practised and Maori artists are increasing in number and influence.[282] Most Maori carvings feature human figures, generally with three fingers and either a natural-looking, detailed head or a grotesque head.[283] Surface patterns consisting of spirals, ridges, notches and fish scales decorate most carvings.[284] The pre-eminent Maori architecture consisted of carved meeting houses (wharenui) decorated with symbolic carvings and illustrations. These buildings were originally designed to be constantly rebuilt, changing and adapting to different whims or needs.[285]Maori decorated the white wood of buildings, canoes and cenotaphs using red (a mixture of red ochre and shark fat) and black (made from soot) paint and painted pictures of birds, reptiles and other designs on cave walls.[286] Maori tattoos (moko) consisting of coloured soot mixed with gum were cut into the flesh with a bone chisel.[287] Since European arrival paintings and photographs have been dominated by landscapes, originally not as works of art but as factual portrayals of New Zealand.[288] Portraits of Maori were also common, with early painters often portraying them as "noble savages", exotic beauties or friendly natives.[288] The country's isolation delayed the influence of European artistic trends allowing local artists to developed their own distinctive style of regionalism.[289] During the xxxxs and 70s many artists combined traditional Maori and Western techniques, creating unique art forms.[290] New Zealand art and craft has gradually achieved an international audience, with exhibitions in the Venice Biennale in xxxx and the "Paradise Now" exhibition in New York in xxxx.[282][291]Maori cloaks are made of fine flax fibre and patterned with black, red and white triangles, diamonds and other geometric shapes.[292] Greenstone was fashioned into earrings and necklaces, with the most well-known design being the hei-tiki, a distorted human figure sitting cross-legged with its head tilted to the side.[293] Europeans brought English fashion etiquette to New Zealand, and until the xxxxs most people dressed up for social occasions.[294] Standards have since relaxed and New Zealand fashion has received a reputation for being casual, practical and lacklustre.[295][296] However, the local fashion industry has grown significantly since xxxx, doubling exports and increasing from a handful to about 50 established labels, with some labels gaining international recognition.[296]Maori quickly adopted writing as a means of sharing ideas, and many of their oral stories and poems were converted to the written form.[297] Most early English literature was obtained from Britain and it was not until the xxxxs when local publishing outlets increased that New Zealand literature started to become widely known.[298] Although still largely influenced by global trends (modernism) and events (the Great Depression), writers in the xxxxs began to develop stories increasingly focused on their experiences in New Zealand. During this period literature changed from a journalistic activity to a more academic pursuit.[299] Participation in the world wars gave some New Zealand writers a new perspective on New Zealand culture and with the post-war expansion of universities local literature flourished.[300]New Zealand music has been influenced by blues, jazz, country, rock and roll and hip hop, with many of these genres given a unique New Zealand interpretation.[301] Maori developed traditional chants and songs from their ancient South-East Asian origins, and after centuries of isolation created a unique "monotonous" and "doleful" sound.[302] Flutes and trumpets were used as musical instruments[303] or as signalling devices during war or special occasions.[304] Early settlers brought over their ethnic music, with brass bands and choral music being popular, and musicians began touring New Zealand in the xxxxs.[305][306] Pipe bands became widespread during the early 20th century.[307] The New Zealand recording industry began to develop from xxxx onwards and many New Zealand musicians have obtained success in Britain and the USA.[301] Some artists release Maori language songs and the Maori tradition-based art of kapa haka (song and dance) has made a resurgence.[308] The New Zealand Music Awards are held annually by the Recording Industry Association of New Zealand (RIANZ); the awards were first held in xxxx by Reckitt & Colman as the Loxene Golden Disc awards.[309] The RIANZ also publishes the country's official weekly record charts.[310]Radio first arrived in New Zealand in xxxx and television in xxxx.[311] The number of New Zealand films significantly increased during the xxxxs.[312] In xxxx the New Zealand Film Commission started assisting local film-makers and many films attained a world audience, some receiving international acknowledgement. Deregulation in the xxxxs saw a sudden increase in the numbers of radio and television stations.[312] New Zealand television primarily broadcasts American and British programming, along with a large number of Australian and local shows. The country's diverse scenery and compact size, plus government incentives,[313] have encouraged some producers to film big budget movies in New Zealand.[314] The New Zealand media industry is dominated by a small number of companies, most of which are foreign-owned, although the state retains ownership of some television and radio stations. Between xxxx and xxxx, Reporters Without Borders consistently ranked New Zealand's press freedom in the top twenty.[315] As of xxxx, New Zealand was ranked 13th worldwide in press freedom by Freedom House, with the 2nd freest media in the Asia-Pacific region after Palau.[316]With Apollinaire, Delaunay traveled to Berlin in January xxxx for an exhibition of his work at Galerie Der Sturm. On their way back to Paris, the two stayed with August Macke in Bonn, where Macke introduced them to Max Ernst.[6] When his painting La ville de Paris was rejected by the Armory Show as being too big[7] he instructed Samuel Halpert to remove all his works from the show.[2]At the outbreak of the First World War in xxxx Sonia and Robert were staying in Fontarabie in Spain. They decided not to return to France and settled in Madrid. In August xxxx they moved to Portugal where they shared a home with Samuel Halpert and Eduardo Viana.[8] With Viana and their friends Amadeo de Souza Cardoso (whom the Delaunays had already met in Paris) and José de Almada Negreiros they discussed an artistic partnership.[2][9] First declared a deserter, Robert was declared unfit for military duty at the French consulate in Vigo on June 13, xxxx.[2]
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